Section 4. ADF/VOR Orientation
5-4-1. ACTIONS REQUIRED
When providing ADF/VOR
orientation services to an aircraft in emergency status:
a. Determine if the
aircraft is in VFR or IFR weather conditions, fuel remaining, altitude, and
heading.
b. If the aircraft
is operating in IFR weather conditions, coordinate with the appropriate control
facility.
c. Determine if the
aircraft is on a flight plan. If the aircraft is not on an IFR flight plan and
is in VFR weather conditions, advise the pilot to remain VFR.
5-4-2. ADF ORIENTATION/ADF
CROSSFIX
When using ADF orientation
and/or crossfix procedures, determine the aircraft's position as follows:
a. Position Fixing.
1. Advise the pilot
to remain VFR, and provide local altimeter setting.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN V-F-R AT ALL TIMES. ADVISE IF HEADING OR ALTITUDE CHANGE IS NECESSARY
TO REMAIN V-F-R. (Location) ALTIMETER (setting).
2. Obtain heading
and altitude. Advise the pilot to maintain straight and level flight and to
align the heading indicator with the magnetic compass.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT. RESET YOUR HEADING INDICATOR TO AGREE WITH
YOUR MAGNETIC COMPASS. AFTER YOU HAVE DONE THIS, SAY YOUR HEADING AND ALTITUDE.
3. Determine the
weather and the fuel conditions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT IS THE WEATHER AT YOUR ALTITUDE AND FUEL REMAINING IN TIME?
4. Advise the pilot
to maintain the same heading, verify the aircraft has ADF equipment, and
determine the airspeed.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees). WHAT TYPE OF NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT DO YOU HAVE ON
BOARD, AND WHAT IS YOUR AIRSPEED?
5. Advise the pilot
to tune the ADF receiver to the NDB. Provide the NDB name, identifier, and
frequency.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TUNE YOUR A-D-F RECEIVER TO THE (name) RADIO BEACON, FREQUENCY (frequency),
IDENTIFICATION (ident). CHECK VOLUME UP AND IDENTIFY THE STATION. ADVISE WHEN
YOU HAVE DONE THIS.
6. After
acknowledgment has been received, advise the pilot to set the ADF function
switch to the ADF position and report the reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
IF YOU HAVE A ROTATING COMPASS CARD (ROSE) ON YOUR A-D-F INDICATOR, MAKE CERTAIN
NORTH IS AT THE TOP OF THE DIAL. TURN THE FUNCTION SWITCH TO THE A-D-F POSITION.
WHEN THE NEEDLE STABILIZES, ADVISE THE A-D-F NEEDLE READING.
REFERENCE-
The Instrument Flying Handbook. North may mean "north, N, zero (0) or 360."
7. Compute the
magnetic bearing.
NOTE-
Relative Bearing (RB) + Magnetic Heading (MH) = Magnetic Bearing (MB)
If the MB exceeds 360 degrees, subtract 360 to determine MB; i.e., 480 degrees -
360 degrees = 120 degrees MB.
8. Advise the pilot
of direction from the NDB.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (direction) OF THE (name) RADIO BEACON.
b. Orientation.
1. Turn the
aircraft inbound to the NDB being used. Provide the direction of the turn and
the heading to be flown. Advise the pilot to report when established on that
heading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
FOR A-D-F ORIENTATION, TURN LEFT/RIGHT HEADING (degrees). REPORT ESTABLISHED
HEADING (degrees).
2. Notify the
appropriate control facility. Provide all required information including the
aircraft's position and heading.
3.
Verify that the aircraft is established on a line of position to the NDB.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT IS YOUR A-D-F NEEDLE READING?
4. Provide heading
adjustments as needed for the aircraft to continue inbound to the NDB.
(a) If the pilot
indicates an ADF reading other than 3-6-0, compute the new heading and advise
the aircraft.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TURN LEFT/RIGHT HEADING (degrees). REPORT ESTABLISHED HEADING (degrees).
(b) After pilot
reports established and needle is on 3-6-0, heading adjustments are not
necessary.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees).
c. Crossfixing.
After the aircraft is established inbound to the NDB, use the following
procedures:
1. Advise the pilot
to tune the ADF receiver to the NDB to be used for crossfixing. Provide the NDB
name, identifier, and frequency.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TUNE YOUR A-D-F RECEIVER TO THE (name) RADIO BEACON, FREQUENCY (frequency),
IDENTIFICATION (identification). CHECK VOLUME UP AND IDENTIFY THE STATION.
ADVISE WHEN YOU HAVE DONE THIS.
2. After
acknowledgment has been received, request ADF reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHEN THE NEEDLE STABILIZES, ADVISE THE A-D-F NEEDLE READING.
3. Compute and plot
the second line of position.
NOTE-
The intersection of the two lines of position is the aircraft's position at the
time of the second ADF reading.
4. Advise the pilot
of the aircraft's position and the safe altitude for orientation in that area.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (miles)(direction) OF THE (name) RADIO BEACON. THE SAFE ALTITUDE FOR
ORIENTATIONS IN THAT AREA IS (feet).
5. Request pilot's
intentions and provide assistance, as requested.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT ARE YOUR INTENTIONS?
5-4-3. VOR ORIENTATION/VOR
CROSSFIX
When using VOR orientation
and/or crossfix procedures, determine the aircraft's position as follows:
a. Position Fixing.
1. Advise the pilot
to remain VFR and provide the local altimeter setting.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN V-F-R AT ALL TIMES. ADVISE IF HEADING OR ALTITUDE CHANGE IS NECESSARY
TO REMAIN V-F-R. (Location) ALTIMETER (setting).
2. Obtain heading
and altitude. Advise the pilot to maintain straight and level flight and to
align the heading indicator to agree with the magnetic compass.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT. RESET YOUR HEADING INDICATOR TO AGREE WITH
YOUR MAGNETIC COMPASS. AFTER YOU HAVE DONE THIS, SAY YOUR HEADING AND ALTITUDE.
3. Determine the
weather conditions and the fuel status.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT IS THE WEATHER AT YOUR ALTITUDE AND FUEL REMAINING IN TIME.
4. Advise the pilot
to maintain the same heading, verify the aircraft has VOR equipment, and
determine the airspeed.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees). WHAT TYPE OF NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT DO YOU HAVE ON
BOARD, AND WHAT IS YOUR AIRSPEED?
5. If the pilot
calls on a simplex frequency, such as 122.2, advise the pilot to tune the
receiver to the VOR you have selected. Provide the VOR name, frequency, and
communication procedures.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE TRANSMITTING THIS FREQUENCY. TUNE YOUR V-O-R RECEIVER TO THE (name)
V-O-R, FREQUENCY (frequency) IDENTIFICATION (identification). CHECK VOLUME UP
AND IDENTIFY THE STATION. ADVISE WHEN YOU HAVE DONE THIS.
NOTE-
If the pilot calls on duplex (122.1), use the VOR the pilot is tuned as the
initial VOR.
6.
Determine the aircraft's course selector reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ROTATE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR SLOWLY UNTIL THE LEFT/RIGHT NEEDLE CENTERS WITH A
"TO" INDICATION. ADVISE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR READING.
7. Advise the pilot
of the aircraft's position.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (direction) OF THE (name) V-O-R.
b. Orientation.
1. Turn the
aircraft inbound to the VOR being used. Provide the direction of turn and the
heading to be flown. Advise the pilot to report when established on that
heading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
FOR V-O-R ORIENTATION, TURN LEFT/RIGHT HEADING (degrees). REPORT ESTABLISHED
HEADING (degrees).
2. Notify the
appropriate control facility. Provide all the required information including the
aircraft's position and heading.
3. Verify that the
aircraft is established on a line of position to the VOR.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT IS THE POSITION OF YOUR LEFT/RIGHT NEEDLE?
4. Provide heading
adjustments as needed for the aircraft to continue inbound to the VOR.
(a) When the pilot
indicates the left/right needle is not centered, advise the pilot to recenter
needle with a "TO" indication and report the course selector reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
Pilot response indicates needle not centered.
ROTATE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR SLOWLY UNTIL THE LEFT/RIGHT NEEDLE CENTERS WITH A
"TO" INDICATION. ADVISE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR READING. (If appropriate) TURN
LEFT/RIGHT HEADING (degrees). REPORT ESTABLISHED (degrees).
(b) After the
aircraft is established on the inbound radial, advise the aircraft to continue
on the inbound heading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees).
5. Plot line of
position.
c. Crossfixing.
After the aircraft is established inbound to the VOR, use the following
procedures:
1. Advise the pilot
to tune the receiver to the VOR you have selected for crossfixing. Provide VOR
name, frequency, and lost communications procedures.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE TRANSMITTING THIS FREQUENCY. TUNE YOUR V-O-R RECEIVER TO THE (name)
V-O-R, FREQUENCY (frequency), IDENTIFICATION (identification). CHECK VOLUME UP.
IF COMMUNICATION IS NOT ESTABLISHED IMMEDIATELY, RETURN TO THIS FREQUENCY.
2. Using only the
voice feature of the second VOR, establish positive communication with the
aircraft.
PHRASEOLOGY-
(Name) RADIO TRANSMITTING ON THE (name) V-O-R. HOW DO YOU HEAR? OVER.
NOTE-
Transmit only on the frequency of the VOR being used for crossfixing, if
available.
3. After
communication has been reestablished, advise the pilot to recenter the VOR
left/right needle and advise the reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ROTATE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR SLOWLY UNTIL THE LEFT/RIGHT NEEDLE CENTERS WITH A
"TO" INDICATION. ADVISE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR READING.
4. If the pilot is
transmitting on duplex (122.1) and the cross fix VOR has no voice capability
provide the following instructions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE TRANSMITTING THIS FREQUENCY. TUNE YOUR VOR RECEIVER TO THE (name) VOR,
FREQUENCY (frequency), IDENTIFICATION (ident). CHECK VOLUME UP AND IDENTIFY THE
STATION. ROTATE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR SLOWLY UNTIL THE LEFT/RIGHT NEEDLE CENTERS
WITH A "TO" INDICATION. ADVISE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR READING (PAUSE).
RETUNE YOUR VOR RECEIVER TO THE (name) VOR, FREQUENCY (frequency),
IDENTIFICATION (identification). SAY YOUR AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION AND THE (name)
VOR COURSE SELECTOR READING.
5.
Advise the pilot to continue the inbound heading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees).
6. Plot the new
line of position from the second VOR, advise the pilot of the aircraft's
position, and the safe altitude for orientation in that area.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (miles) (direction) OF THE (name) V-O-R. THE SAFE ALTITUDE FOR
ORIENTATIONS IN THAT AREA IS (feet).
NOTE-
The intersection of the two lines of position is the aircraft's position at the
time of the second VOR reading.
7. Request the
pilot's intentions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT ARE YOUR INTENTIONS?
5-4-4. GUIDANCE TO
AIRPORT
After establishing the
aircraft's position and if the pilot requests guidance to the airport:
a. Plot the course
to the airport.
b. Provide the
course guidance information to the pilot.
1. Advise the pilot
of the direction of the turn and the heading to the airport.
PHRASEOLOGY-
FOR A HEADING TO THE (name) AIRPORT, TURN LEFT/RIGHT HEADING (degrees). REPORT
ESTABLISHED HEADING (degrees).
2. After the pilot
reports established on the heading to the airport, advise the pilot of the
position in relation to the airport.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (miles) (direction) OF THE (name) AIRPORT. CONTINUE HEADING (degrees).
3. Continue to
provide assistance in the form of pilotage and airport information as necessary.
PHRASEOLOGY-
DO YOU SEE ANY PROMINENT LANDMARKS?
ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH THE (name) AIRPORT?
(Name) AIRPORT FIELD ELEVATION (feet). IT HAS (number and surface type) RUNWAYS.
THE RUNWAY/S RUN (direction). THE AIRPORT IS LOCATED (direction/distance) FROM
(landmark visible to the aircraft).
4. Advise the pilot
to report the landing airport in sight.
PHRASEOLOGY-
REPORT AIRPORT IN SIGHT.
5. Determine when
the pilot no longer needs assistance.
PHRASEOLOGY-
DO YOU REQUIRE FURTHER ASSISTANCE?
6. When the pilot
indicates assistance is no longer required, terminate the service. Provide the
CTAF frequency, if appropriate, and the local altimeter setting.
PHRASEOLOGY-
(VOR/ADF) ORIENTATION SERVICE TERMINATED. COMMON TRAFFIC ADVISORY FREQUENCY
(frequency). ALTIMETER (setting).
NOTE-
CTAF is defined as a UNICOM, Multicom, AFSS/FSS, or ATCT frequency.
7. Notify
appropriate control facility of the aircraft's position, termination of
services, and the pilot's intentions.
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