Section 10. Radar Approaches- Terminal
5-10-1. APPLICATION
a. Provide radar approaches in accordance with
standard or special instrument approach procedures.
b. A radar approach may be given to any aircraft
upon request and may be offered to aircraft in distress
regardless of weather conditions or to expedite
traffic.
NOTE-
Acceptance of a radar approach by a pilot does not waive
the prescribed weather minima for the airport or for the
particular aircraft operator concerned. The pilot is
responsible for determining if the approach and landing
are authorized under the existing weather minima.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-2. APPROACH INFORMATION
a. Issue the following information to an aircraft
that will conduct a radar approach. Current approach
information contained in the ATIS broadcast may be
omitted if the pilot states the appropriate ATIS
broadcast code. All items listed below, except for
subpara 3 may be omitted after the first approach if
repeated approaches are made and no change has
occurred. Transmissions with aircraft in this phase of
the approach should occur approximately every
minute.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-7-10, Approach Information.
1. Altimeter setting.
2. If available, ceiling and visibility if the
ceiling at the airport of intended landing is reported
below 1,000 feet or below the highest circling
minimum, whichever is greater, or if the visibility is
less than 3 miles. Advise pilots when weather
information is available via the Automated Weather
Observing System (AWOS)/Automated Surface
Observing System (ASOS) and, if requested, issue
the appropriate frequency.
NOTE-
Automated weather observing systems may be set to
provide one minute updates. This one minute data may be
useful to the pilot for possible weather trends. Controllers
provide service based solely on official weather, i.e., hourly
and special observations.
3. Issue any known changes classified as special
weather observations as soon as possible. Special
weather observations need not be issued after they are
included in the ATIS broadcast and the pilot states the
appropriate ATIS broadcast code.
4. Pertinent information on known airport
conditions if they are considered necessary to the safe
operation of the aircraft concerned.
5. Lost communication procedures as specified
in para 5-10-4, Lost Communications.
b. Before starting final approach:
NOTE-
1. ASR approach procedures may be prescribed for
specific runways, for an airport/heliport, and for
helicopters only to a "point-in-space," i.e., a MAP from
which a helicopter must be able to proceed to the landing
area by visual reference to a prescribed surface route.
2. Occasionally, helicopter PAR approaches are available
to runways where conventional PAR approaches have been
established. In those instances where the two PAR
approaches serve the same runway, the helicopter
approach will have a steeper glide slope and a lower
decision height. By the controllers designating the
approach to be flown, the helicopter pilot understands
which of the two approaches he/she has been vectored for
and which set of minima apply.
1. Inform the aircraft of the type of approach,
runway, airport, heliport, or other point, as
appropriate, to which the approach will be made.
Specify the airport name when the approach is to a
secondary airport.
PHRASEOLOGY-
THIS WILL BE A P-A-R/SURVEILLANCE APPROACH
TO:
RUNWAY (runway number),
or
(airport name) AIRPORT, RUNWAY (runway number),
or
(airport name) AIRPORT/HELIPORT.
THIS WILL BE A COPTER P-A-R APPROACH TO:
RUNWAY (runway number),
or
(airport name) AIRPORT, RUNWAY (runway number),
or
(airport name) AIRPORT/HELIPORT.
2. For surveillance approaches, specify the
location of the MAP in relation to the runway/airport/heliport.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MISSED APPROACH POINT IS (distance) MILE(S)
FROM RUNWAY/AIRPORT/HELIPORT,
or for a point-in-space approach,
A MISSED APPROACH POINT (distance) MILE(S)
(direction from landing area) OF (airport name)
AIRPORT/HELIPORT.
EXAMPLE-
Helicopter point-in-space approach:
"Army copter Zulu Two, this will be a surveillance
approach to a missed approach point, three point five miles
south of Creedon Heliport."
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
c. Inform an aircraft making an approach to an
airport not served by a tower that no traffic or landing
runway information is available for that airport.
PHRASEOLOGY-
NO TRAFFIC OR LANDING RUNWAY INFORMATION
AVAILABLE FOR THE AIRPORT.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-7-2, Altimeter Setting Issuance
Below Lowest Usable FL.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
5-10-3. NO-GYRO APPROACH
When an aircraft will make a no-gyro surveillance or
a PAR approach:
a. Before issuing a vector, inform the aircraft of
the type of approach.
PHRASEOLOGY-
THIS WILL BE A NO-GYRO SURVEILLANCE/P-A-R
APPROACH.
b. Instruct the aircraft when to start and stop turn.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TURN LEFT/RIGHT. STOP TURN.
c. After turn on to final approach has been made
and prior to the aircraft reaching the approach gate,
instruct the aircraft to make half-standard rate turns.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAKE HALF-STANDARD RATE TURNS.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-4. LOST COMMUNICATIONS
When weather reports indicate that an aircraft will
likely encounter IFR weather conditions during the
approach, take the following action as soon as
possible after establishing radar identification and
radio communications (may be omitted after the first
approach when successive approaches are made and
the instructions remain the same):
NOTE-
Air traffic control facilities at U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force
installations are not required to transmit lost communications instructions to military aircraft. All military facilities
will issue specific lost communications instructions to civil
aircraft when required.
a. If lost communications instructions will require
the aircraft to fly on an unpublished route, issue an
appropriate altitude to the pilot. If the lost
communications instructions are the same for both
pattern and final, the pattern/vector controller shall
issue both. Advise the pilot that if radio communications are lost for a specified time interval (not more
than 1 minute) on vector to final approach, 15 seconds
on a surveillance final approach, or 5 seconds on a
PAR final approach to:
1. Attempt contact on a secondary or a tower
frequency.
2. Proceed in accordance with visual flight rules
if possible.
3. Proceed with an approved nonradar
approach, or execute the specific lost communications procedure for the radar approach being used.
NOTE-
The approved procedures are those published on the FAA
Forms 8260 or applicable military document.
PHRASEOLOGY-
IF NO TRANSMISSIONS ARE RECEIVED FOR (time
interval) IN THE PATTERN OR FIVE/FIFTEEN
SECONDS ON FINAL APPROACH, ATTEMPT
CONTACT ON (frequency), AND
if the possibility exists,
PROCEED VFR. IF UNABLE:
if approved,
PROCEED WITH (nonradar approach), MAINTAIN
(altitude) UNTIL ESTABLISHED ON/OVER FIX/NAVAID/APPROACH PROCEDURE,
or
(alternative instructions).
PHRASEOLOGY-
USN. For ACLS operations using Mode I, IA, and II,
IF NO TRANSMISSIONS ARE RECEIVED FOR
FIVE SECONDS AFTER LOSS OF DATA LINK,
ATTEMPT CONTACT ON (frequency), AND
if the possibility exists,
PROCEED VFR. IF UNABLE:
if approved,
PROCEED WITH (nonradar approach), MAINTAIN
(altitude) UNTIL ESTABLISHED ON/OVER FIX/NAVAID/APPROACH PROCEDURE,
or
(alternative instructions).
b. If the final approach lost communications
instructions are changed, differ from those for the
pattern, or are not issued by the pattern controller,
they shall be issued by the final controller.
c. If the pilot states that he/she cannot accept a lost
communications procedure due to weather conditions or other reasons, request the pilot's intention.
NOTE-
The pilot is responsible for determining the adequacy of
lost communications procedures with respect to aircraft
performance, equipment capability, or reported weather.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-10-2, Approach Information.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-5. RADAR CONTACT LOST
If radar contact is lost during an approach and the
aircraft has not started final approach, clear the
aircraft to an appropriate NAVAID/fix for an
instrument approach.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-10-14, Final Approach Abnormalities.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-6. LANDING CHECK
USA/USN. Advise the pilot to perform landing
check while the aircraft is on downwind leg and in
time to complete it before turning base leg. If an
incomplete pattern is used, issue this before handoff
to the final controller for a PAR approach, or before
starting descent on final approach for surveillance
approach.
PHRASEOLOGY-
PERFORM LANDING CHECK.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-7. POSITION INFORMATION
Inform the aircraft of its position at least once before
starting final approach.
PHRASEOLOGY-
(Number) MILES (direction) OF (airport name)
AIRPORT,
or
(number) MILES (direction) OF (airport name) AIRPORT
ON DOWNWIND/BASE LEG.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-8. FINAL CONTROLLER
CHANGEOVER
When instructing the aircraft to change frequency for
final approach guidance, include the name of the
facility.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTACT (name of facility) FINAL CONTROLLER ON
(frequency).
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-17, Radio Communications
Transfer.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-4, Arrival Instructions.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-9. COMMUNICATIONS CHECK
On initial contact with the final controller, ask the
aircraft for a communication check.
PHRASEOLOGY-
(Aircraft call sign), (name of facility) FINAL
CONTROLLER. HOW DO YOU HEAR ME?
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-10. TRANSMISSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
After contact has been established with the final
controller and while on the final approach course,
instruct the aircraft not to acknowledge further
transmissions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
DO NOT ACKNOWLEDGE FURTHER TRANSMISSIONS.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-11. MISSED APPROACH
Before an aircraft starts final descent for a full stop
landing and weather reports indicate that any portion
of the final approach will be conducted in IFR
conditions, issue a specific missed approach
procedure approved for the radar approach being
conducted.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOUR MISSED APPROACH PROCEDURE IS (missed
approach procedure).
NOTE-
1. The specific missed approach procedure is published on
FAA Form 8260-4 or applicable military document.
2. USAF. At locations where missed approach instructions are published in base flying regulations, controllers
need not issue missed approach instructions to locally
assigned/attached aircraft.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-12. LOW APPROACH AND TOUCH-AND-GO
Before an aircraft which plans to execute a low
approach or touch-and-go begins final descent, issue
appropriate departure instructions to be followed
upon completion of the approach. Climb-out
instructions must include a specific heading and
altitude except when the aircraft will maintain VFR
and contact the tower.
PHRASEOLOGY-
AFTER COMPLETING LOW APPROACH/TOUCH AND
GO:
CLIMB AND MAINTAIN (altitude).
TURN (right or left) HEADING (degrees)/FLY RUNWAY
HEADING,
or
MAINTAIN VFR, CONTACT TOWER,
or
(other instructions as appropriate).
NOTE-
This may be omitted after the first approach if instructions
remain the same.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-13. TOWER CLEARANCE
a. When an aircraft is on final approach to an
airport served by a tower, obtain a clearance to land,
touch-and-go, or make low approach. Issue the
clearance and the surface wind to the aircraft.
b. If the clearance is not obtained or is canceled,
inform the aircraft and issue alternative instructions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TOWER CLEARANCE CANCELED/NOT RECEIVED
(alternative instructions).
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-14. FINAL APPROACH
ABNORMALITIES
Instruct the aircraft if runway environment not in
sight, execute a missed approach if previously given;
or climb to or maintain a specified altitude and fly a
specified course whenever the completion of a safe
approach is questionable because one or more of the
following conditions exists. The conditions in
subparas a, b, and c do not apply after the aircraft
passes decision height on a PAR approach.
EXAMPLE-
Typical reasons for issuing missed approach instructions:
"Radar contact lost."
"Too high/low for safe approach."
"Too far right/left for safe approach."
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-7, Position Advisories.
a. Safety limits are exceeded or radical target
deviations are observed.
b. Position or identification of the aircraft is in
doubt.
c. Radar contact is lost or a malfunctioning radar
is suspected.
PHRASEOLOGY-
(Reason) IF RUNWAY/APPROACH LIGHTS/RUNWAY
LIGHTS NOT IN SIGHT, EXECUTE MISSED
APPROACH/(alternative instructions).
NOTE-
If the pilot requests, approval may be granted to proceed
with the approach via ILS or another navigational
aid/approach aid.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-10-5, Radar Contact Lost.
d. Airport conditions or traffic preclude approach
completion.
PHRASEOLOGY-
EXECUTE MISSED APPROACH/(alternative instructions), (reason).
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-9-2, Final Approach Course
Interception.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-12-10, Elevation Failure.
5-10-15. MILITARY SINGLE FREQUENCY
APPROACHES
a. Utilize single frequency approach procedures
as contained in a letter of agreement.
b. Do not require a frequency change from aircraft
on a single frequency approach after the approach has
begun unless:
1. Landing or low approach has been
completed.
2. The aircraft is in visual flight rules (VFR)
conditions during daylight hours.
3. The pilot requests the frequency change.
4. An emergency situation exists.
5. The aircraft is cleared for a visual approach.
6. The pilot cancels instrument flight rules
(IFR).
c. Accomplish the following steps to complete
communications transfer on single frequency
approaches after completion of a handoff:
1. Transferring controller: Position transmitter
selectors to preclude further transmissions on the
special use frequencies.
2. Receiving controller: Position transmitter
and receiver selectors to enable communications on
the special use frequencies.
3. Do not require or expect the flight to check on
frequency unless an actual frequency change is
transmitted to the pilot.
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