National Security
General
a. National security in the control of air traffic is governed by Title 14 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Part
99.
b. All aircraft entering domestic U.S. airspace from points outside must provide for identification prior to entry. To facilitate early aircraft identification of all aircraft in
the vicinity of U.S.-International airspace boundaries, Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZ) have been established. (See Figures 1-4-1, 1-4-2, 1-4-3, and 1-4-4.)
c. Operational requirements for aircraft entering or flying within the ADIZ areas are as follows:
1. Flight plan requirements. Except as specified in subparagraphs d and e, an instrument flight rules (IFR) or defense visual flight rules (DVFR) flight plan must be on file with
the appropriate aeronautical facility as follows:
(a) Generally, for all operations that enter an ADIZ.
(b) For operations that will enter or exit the United States and which will operate into, within, or across the contiguous U.S. ADIZ, regardless of true airspeed.
(c) The flight plan must be filed before departure except for operations associated with the Alaskan ADIZ when the airport of departure has no facility for filing a flight plan;
in which case, the flight plan may be filed immediately after takeoff or when within range of the aeronautical facility.
2. Two-way radio requirements. For the majority of operations associated with an ADIZ, an operating two-way radio is required. See 14 CFR Part 99.1 for exceptions.
3. Transponder requirements. Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, each aircraft conducting operations into, within, or across the Contiguous U.S. ADIZ must be equipped with an
operable radar beacon transponder having altitude reporting capability (Mode C), and that transponder must be turned on and set to reply on the appropriate code or as assigned by ATC.
4. Position reporting requirements.
(a) For IFR flight, normal IFR position reporting.
(b) For DVFR flights, the estimated time of ADIZ penetration must be filed with the aeronautical facility at least 15 minutes prior to penetration except for flight in the
Alaskan ADIZ; in which case, report prior to penetration.
(c) For inbound aircraft of foreign registry, the pilot must report to the aeronautical facility at least 1 hour prior to ADIZ penetration.
5. Aircraft position tolerances:
(a) Over land, the tolerance is within plus or minus 5 minutes from the estimated time over a reporting point or point of penetration and within 10 NM from the centerline of an
intended track over an estimated reporting point or penetration point.
(b) Over water, the tolerance is plus or minus 5 minutes from the estimated time over a reporting point or point of penetration and within 20 NM from from the centerline of the
intended track over an estimated reporting point or point of penetration (to include the Aleution Islands).
d. Except when applicable under 14 CFR 99.7, Part 99 does not apply to aircraft operations:
1. Within the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia, or within the State of Alaska, and remains within 10 NM of the point of departure.
2. Over any island, or within 3 NM of the coastline of any island, in the Hawaii ADIZ.
3. Associated with any ADIZ other than the contiguous U.S. ADIZ, when the aircraft is operating at true airspeed of less than 180 knots.
e. Authorizations to deviate from the requirements of Part 99 may also be granted by an Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC), on a local basis, for some operations associated
with an ADIZ.
f. A VFR flight plan makes an aircraft subject to interception for positive identification when entering an ADIZ. Pilots are urged to file the required Defense VFR (DVFR) flight
plan either in person or by telephone prior to departure.
Special Security Instructions
a. During a defense emergency or air defense emergency conditions, additional special security instructions may be issued in accordance with the Security Control of Air Traffic
and Air Navigation Aids (SCATANA) Plan.
b. Under the provisions of the SCATANA Plan, the military will direct the action to be taken in regard to landing, grounding, diversion, or dispersal of aircraft and the control
of air navigation aids in the defense of the United States during emergency conditions.
c. At the time a portion or all of SCATANA is implemented, ATC facilities will broadcast appropriate instructions received from the military over available ATC frequencies.
Depending on instructions received from the military, VFR flights may be directed to land at the nearest available airport, and IFR flights will be expected to proceed as directed by ATC.
d. Pilots on the ground may be required to file a flight plan and obtain an approval (through FAA) prior to conducting flight operation.
e. In view of the above, all pilots should guard an ATC or FSS frequency at all times while conducting flight operations.
Fig 1-4-1. Air Defense Identification Zone Boundaries/Designated Mountainous Areas
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Fig 1-4-2. Alaska Air Defense Identification Zones/Designated Mountainous Areas
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Fig 1-4-3. Guam Air Defense Identification Zone and Defense Area
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Fig 1-4-4. Hawaiian Air Defense Identification Zone and Defense Area
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