Section 8. Radar Departures
5-8-1. PROCEDURES
Use standard departure
routes and channelized altitudes whenever practical to reduce coordination. Do
not, however, assign these routes solely to provide for possible radar or
communication failure.
5-8-2. INITIAL HEADING
a. Before departure, assign
the initial heading to be flown if a departing aircraft is to be vectored
immediately after takeoff.
PHRASEOLOGY-
FLY RUNWAY HEADING.
TURN LEFT/RIGHT, HEADING (degrees).
NOTE-
TERMINAL. A purpose for the heading is not necessary, since pilots operating in
a radar environment associate assigned headings with vectors to their planned
route of flight.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-3-2, Departure
Clearances.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-6-3, Vectors Below
Minimum Altitude.
b. When conducting simultaneous
parallel runway departures utilizing RNAV SIDs, advise aircraft of the initial
fix/waypoint on the RNAV route.
PHRASEOLOGY-
RNAV to (fix/waypoint), RUNWAY (number), CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF.
EXAMPLE-
"RNAV to MPASS, Runway Two-Six Left, cleared for takeoff."
NOTE-
1. TERMINAL. A purpose for an initial waypoint
advisory is not necessary since pilots associate this advisory with the flight
path to their planned route of flight. Pilots must immediately advise ATC
if a different RNAV SID is entered in the aircraft FMS.
2. The SID
transition is not restated as it is contained in the ATC clearance.
3. Aircraft cleared
via RNAV SIDs designed to begin with a vector to the initial waypoint are
assigned a heading before departure
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 399, Takeoff Clearance
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 432, Departure Clearances
AIM, Para 5-2-7. Departure Control
5-8-3. SUCCESSIVE OR SIMULTANEOUS DEPARTURES
TERMINAL
Separate aircraft
departing from the same airport/heliport or adjacent airports/heliports in
accordance with the following minima provided radar identification with the
aircraft will be established within 1 mile of the takeoff runway end/helipad and
courses will diverge by 15 degrees or more.
NOTE-
1. FAAO 8260.19, Flight Procedures and Airspace, establishes
guidelines for IFR departure turning procedures which assumes a climb to 400
feet above the airport elevation before a turn is commenced. FAAO 8260.3, United
States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS), the ILS missed
approach criteria, requires a straight climb of 400 feet be specified where
turns greater than 15 degrees are required.
2. Consider
known aircraft performance characteristics when applying initial separation to
successive departing aircraft.
3. When one or
both of the departure surfaces is a helipad, use the takeoff course of the
helicopter as a reference, comparable to the centerline of a runway and the
helipad center as the threshold.
a. Between
aircraft departing the same runway/helipad or parallel runways/helicopter
takeoff courses separated by less than 2,500 feet- 1 mile if courses
diverge immediately after departure.
(See FIG 5-8-1, FIG 5-8-2,
and FIG 5-8-3.)
FIG 5-8-1
Successive Departures
FIG 5-8-2
Simultaneous Departures
FIG 5-8-3
Simultaneous Departures
NOTE-
This procedure does not apply when a small aircraft is taking off from an
intersection on the same runway behind a large aircraft or when an aircraft is
departing behind a heavy jet/B757.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-9-7, Wake
Turbulence Separation for Intersection Departures.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-9-8, Intersecting
Runway Separation.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-5-4, Minima.
b. Between
aircraft departing from diverging runways:
1. Nonintersecting
runways. Authorize simultaneous takeoffs if runways diverge by 15 degrees or
more. (See FIG 5-8-4.)
FIG 5-8-4
Nonintersecting Runway Departures
2. Intersecting
runways and/or helicopter takeoff courses which diverge by 15 degrees or more.
Authorize takeoff of a succeeding aircraft when the preceding aircraft has
passed the point of runway and/or takeoff course intersection. When applicable,
apply the procedure in para
3-9-5, Anticipating Separation. (See
FIG 5-8-5 and FIG 5-8-6.)
FIG 5-8-5
Intersecting Runway Departures
NOTE-
This procedure does not apply when aircraft are departing behind a heavy
jet/B757.
FIG 5-8-6
Intersecting Helicopter Course Departures
c. Between
aircraft departing in the same direction from parallel runways/helicopter
takeoff courses. Authorize simultaneous takeoffs if the centerlines/takeoff
courses are separated by at least 2,500 feet and courses diverge by 15 degrees
or more immediately after departure. (See FIG 5-8-7
and
FIG 5-8-8.)
FIG 5-8-7
Parallel Runway Departures
FIG 5-8-8
Parallel Helicopter Course Departures
5-8-4. DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL
TERMINAL. Except
as provided in para 5-8-5, Departures and Arrivals on
Parallel or Nonintersecting Diverging Runways, separate a departing aircraft
from an arriving aircraft on final approach by a minimum of 2 miles if
separation will increase to a minimum of 3 miles (5 miles when 40 miles or more
from the antenna) within 1 minute after takeoff.
NOTE-
1. This procedure permits a departing aircraft to be released so
long as an arriving aircraft is no closer than 2 miles from the runway at the
time. This separation is determined at the time the departing aircraft commences
takeoff roll.
2. Consider the
effect surface conditions, such as ice, snow, and other precipitation, may have
on known aircraft performance characteristics, and the influence these
conditions may have on the pilot's ability to commence takeoff roll in a timely
manner.
5-8-5. DEPARTURES AND ARRIVALS ON PARALLEL OR NONINTERSECTING DIVERGING
RUNWAYS
TERMINAL.
Authorize simultaneous operations between an aircraft departing on a runway and
an aircraft on final approach to another parallel or nonintersecting diverging
runway if the departure course diverges immediately by at least 30 degrees from
the missed approach course until separation is applied and provided one of the
following conditions are met:
NOTE-
When one or both of the takeoff/landing surfaces is a helipad, consider the
helicopter takeoff course as the runway centerline and the helipad center as the
threshold.
a. When parallel runway thresholds are even, the runway centerlines are
at least 2,500 feet apart.
(See FIG 5-8-9 and FIG 5-8-10.)
FIG 5-8-9
Parallel Thresholds are Even
FIG 5-8-10
Parallel Thresholds are Even
b. When parallel runway thresholds are staggered and:
1. The arriving
aircraft is approaching the nearer runway: the centerlines are at least 1,000
feet apart and the landing thresholds are staggered at least 500 feet for each
100 feet less than 2,500 the centerlines are separated. (See
FIG 5-8-11 and
FIG 5-8-12.)
FIG 5-8-11
Parallel Thresholds are Staggered
FIG 5-8-12
Parallel Thresholds are Staggered
NOTE-
In the event of a missed approach by a heavy jet/B757, apply the procedures in
para 3-9-6, Same Runway Separation, or
para 3-9-8, Intersecting Runway
Separation, ensure that the heavy jet does not overtake or cross in front of an
aircraft departing from the adjacent parallel runway.
2. The arriving
aircraft is approaching the farther runway: the runway centerlines separation
exceeds 2,500 feet by at least 100 feet for each 500 feet the landing thresholds
are staggered.
(See FIG 5-8-13.)
FIG 5-8-13
Parallel Thresholds are Staggered
c. When nonintersecting runways diverge by 15 degrees or more and runway
edges do not touch. (See FIG 5-8-14.)
FIG 5-8-14
Diverging Nonintersecting Runways
d. When the
aircraft on takeoff is a helicopter, hold the helicopter until visual separation
is possible or apply the separation criteria in subparas a,
b, or c.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-8-4, Departure and Arrival.
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