Section 3. ADF/VOR Orientation
5-3-1. ACTIONS REQUIRED
When
providing automatic direction finder (ADF)/VOR orientation
services to an aircraft in emergency status:
a. Determine if the aircraft is in VFR or IFR
weather conditions, fuel remaining, altitude, and
heading.
b. If the aircraft is operating in IFR weather
conditions, coordinate with the appropriate control
facility.
c. Determine if the aircraft is on a flight plan. If the
aircraft is not on an IFR flight plan and is in VFR
weather conditions, advise the pilot to remain VFR.
5-3-2. GENERAL
When providing ADF/VOR orientation services to
an aircraft in emergency status:
a. Position Fixing.
1. Advise the pilot to remain VFR, and provide
local altimeter setting.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN VFR AT ALL TIMES. ADVISE IF HEADING
OR ALTITUDE CHANGE IS NECESSARY TO REMAIN
VFR. (Location) ALTIMETER (setting).
2. Obtain heading and altitude. Advise the pilot
to maintain straight and level flight and to align the
heading indicator with the magnetic compass.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT. RESET
YOUR HEADING INDICATOR TO AGREE WITH YOUR
MAGNETIC COMPASS. AFTER YOU HAVE DONE
THIS, SAY YOUR HEADING AND ALTITUDE.
3. Determine the weather conditions and fuel
status.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT IS THE WEATHER AT YOUR ALTITUDE AND
FUEL REMAINING IN TIME?
4. Advise the pilot to maintain the same
heading, verify the aircraft has ADF equipment, and
determine the airspeed.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees). WHAT TYPE OF
NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT DO YOU HAVE ON
BOARD, AND WHAT IS YOUR AIRSPEED?
5. Advise the pilot to tune the ADF receiver to
the NDB. Provide the NDB name, identifier, and
frequency.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TUNE YOUR ADF RECEIVER TO THE (name) RADIO
BEACON, FREQUENCY (frequency),
IDENTIFICATION (ident). CHECK VOLUME UP, AND
IDENTIFY THE STATION. ADVISE WHEN YOU HAVE
DONE THIS.
6. After acknowledgment has been received,
advise the pilot to set the ADF function switch to the
ADF position and report the reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
IF YOU HAVE A ROTATING COMPASS CARD (ROSE)
ON YOUR ADF INDICATOR, MAKE CERTAIN
NORTH IS AT THE TOP OF THE DIAL. TURN THE
FUNCTION SWITCH TO THE ADF POSITION. WHEN
THE NEEDLE STABILIZES, ADVISE THE ADF
NEEDLE READING.
REFERENCE-
The Instrument Flying Handbook. North may mean “north, N, zero (0) or
360."
7. Compute the magnetic bearing.
(a) Relative Bearing (RB) + Magnetic
Heading (MH) = Magnetic Bearing (MB)
(b) If the MB exceeds 360 degrees, subtract
360 to determine MB; for example, 480 degrees 360
degrees = 120 degrees MB.
8. Advise the pilot of direction from the NDB.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (direction) OF THE (name) RADIO BEACON.
b. Orientation.
1. Turn the aircraft inbound to the NDB being
used. Provide the direction of the turn and the heading
to be flown. Advise the pilot to report when
established on that heading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
FOR ADF ORIENTATION, TURN LEFT/RIGHT
HEADING (degrees). REPORT ESTABLISHED
HEADING (degrees).
2. Notify the appropriate control facility.
Provide all required information including the
aircraft's position and heading.
3. Verify that the aircraft is established on a line
of position to the NDB.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT IS YOUR ADF NEEDLE READING?
4. Provide heading adjustments as needed for
the aircraft to continue inbound to the NDB.
(a) If the pilot indicates an ADF reading other
than 360, compute the new heading and advise the
aircraft.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TURN LEFT/RIGHT HEADING (degrees). REPORT
ESTABLISHED HEADING (degrees).
(b) After pilot reports established and needle
is on 360, heading adjustments are not necessary.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees).
c. Crossfixing. After the aircraft is established
inbound to the NDB, use the following procedures:
1. Advise the pilot to tune the ADF receiver to
the NDB to be used for crossfixing. Provide the
NDB name, identifier, and frequency.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TUNE YOUR ADF RECEIVER TO THE (name) RADIO
BEACON, FREQUENCY (frequency),
IDENTIFICATION (identification). CHECK VOLUME
UP, AND IDENTIFY THE STATION. ADVISE WHEN
YOU HAVE DONE THIS.
2. After acknowledgment has been received,
request ADF reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHEN THE NEEDLE STABILIZES, ADVISE THE ADF
NEEDLE READING.
3. Compute and plot the second line of position.
NOTE-
The intersection of the two lines of position is the aircraft's
position at the time of the second ADF reading.
4. Advise the pilot of the aircraft's position and
the safe altitude for orientation in that area.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (miles) (direction) OF THE (name) RADIO
BEACON. THE SAFE ALTITUDE FOR ORIENTATIONS
IN THAT AREA IS (feet).
5. Request pilot's intentions and provide
assistance, as requested.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT ARE YOUR INTENTIONS?
5-3-3. VOR ORIENTATION/VOR
CROSSFIX
When using VOR orientation and/or crossfix
procedures, determine the aircraft's position as
follows:
a. Position Fixing.
1. Advise the pilot to remain VFR and provide
the local altimeter setting.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN VFR AT ALL TIMES. ADVISE IF HEADING
OR ALTITUDE CHANGE IS NECESSARY TO REMAIN
VFR. (Location) ALTIMETER (setting).
2. Obtain heading and altitude. Advise the pilot
to maintain straight and level flight and to align the
heading indicator to agree with the magnetic
compass.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT. RESET
YOUR HEADING INDICATOR TO AGREE WITH YOUR
MAGNETIC COMPASS. AFTER YOU HAVE DONE
THIS, SAY YOUR HEADING AND ALTITUDE.
3. Determine the weather conditions and the
fuel status.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT IS THE WEATHER AT YOUR ALTITUDE AND
FUEL REMAINING IN TIME.
4. Advise the pilot to maintain the same
heading, verify the aircraft has VOR equipment, and
determine the airspeed.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees). WHAT TYPE OF
NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT DO YOU HAVE ON
BOARD, AND WHAT IS YOUR AIRSPEED?
5. If the pilot calls on a simplex frequency, such
as 122.2, advise the pilot to tune the receiver to the
VOR you have selected. Provide the VOR name,
frequency, and communication procedures.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE TRANSMITTING THIS FREQUENCY.
TUNE YOUR VOR RECEIVER TO THE (name) VOR,
FREQUENCY (frequency) IDENTIFICATION
(identification). CHECK VOLUME UP, AND IDENTIFY
THE STATION. ADVISE WHEN YOU HAVE DONE
THIS.
NOTE-
If the pilot calls on duplex (122.1), use the VOR the pilot
is tuned as the initial VOR.
6. Determine the aircraft's course selector
reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ROTATE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR SLOWLY UNTIL
THE LEFT/RIGHT NEEDLE CENTERS WITH A “TO"
INDICATION. ADVISE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR
READING.
7. Advise the pilot of the aircraft's position.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (direction) OF THE (name) VOR.
b. Orientation.
1. Turn the aircraft inbound to the VOR being
used. Provide the direction of turn and the heading to
be flown. Advise the pilot to report when established
on that heading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
FOR VOR ORIENTATION, TURN LEFT/RIGHT
HEADING (degrees). REPORT ESTABLISHED
HEADING (degrees).
2. Notify the appropriate control facility.
Provide all the required information including the
aircraft's position and heading.
3. Verify that the aircraft is established on a line
of position to the VOR.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT IS THE POSITION OF YOUR LEFT/RIGHT
NEEDLE?
4. Provide heading adjustments as needed for
the aircraft to continue inbound to the VOR.
(a) When the pilot indicates the left/right
needle is not centered, advise the pilot to recenter
needle with a “TO" indication and report the course
selector reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
Pilot response indicates needle not centered:
ROTATE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR SLOWLY UNTIL
THE LEFT/RIGHT NEEDLE CENTERS WITH A “TO"
INDICATION. ADVISE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR
READING. (If appropriate) TURN LEFT/RIGHT
HEADING (degrees). REPORT ESTABLISHED
(degrees).
(b) After the aircraft is established on the
inbound radial, advise the aircraft to continue on the
inbound heading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees).
5. Plot line of position.
c. Crossfixing. After the aircraft is established
inbound to the VOR, use the following procedures:
1. Advise the pilot to tune the receiver to the
VOR you have selected for crossfixing. Provide
VOR name, frequency, and lost communications
procedures.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE TRANSMITTING THIS FREQUENCY.
TUNE YOUR VOR RECEIVER TO THE (name) VOR,
FREQUENCY (frequency), IDENTIFICATION
(identification). CHECK VOLUME UP. IF
COMMUNICATION IS NOT ESTABLISHED
IMMEDIATELY, RETURN TO THIS FREQUENCY.
2. Using only the voice feature of the second
VOR, establish positive communication with the
aircraft.
PHRASEOLOGY-
(Name) RADIO TRANSMITTING ON THE (name) VOR.
HOW DO YOU HEAR? OVER.
NOTE-
Transmit only on the frequency of the VOR being used for
crossfixing, if available.
3. After communication has been reestablished,
advise the pilot to recenter the VOR left/right needle
and advise the reading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ROTATE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR SLOWLY UNTIL
THE LEFT/RIGHT NEEDLE CENTERS WITH A “TO"
INDICATION. ADVISE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR
READING.
4. If the pilot is transmitting on duplex (122.1)
and the cross fix VOR has no voice capability,
provide the following instructions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE TRANSMITTING THIS FREQUENCY.
TUNE YOUR VOR RECEIVER TO THE (name) VOR,
FREQUENCY (frequency), IDENTIFICATION (ident).
CHECK VOLUME UP AND IDENTIFY THE STATION.
ROTATE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR SLOWLY UNTIL
THE LEFT/RIGHT NEEDLE CENTERS WITH A “TO"
INDICATION. ADVISE YOUR COURSE SELECTOR
READING (PAUSE).
RETUNE YOUR VOR RECEIVER TO THE (name) VOR,
FREQUENCY (frequency), IDENTIFICATION
(identification). SAY YOUR AIRCRAFT
IDENTIFICATION AND THE (name) VOR COURSE
SELECTOR READING.
5. Advise the pilot to continue the inbound
heading.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees).
6. Plot the new line of position from the second
VOR, advise the pilot of the aircraft's position, and
the safe altitude for orientation in that area.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (miles) (direction) OF THE (name) VOR.
THE SAFE ALTITUDE FOR ORIENTATIONS IN THAT
AREA IS (feet).
NOTE-
The intersection of the two lines of position is the aircraft's
position at the time of the second VOR reading.
7. Request the pilot's intentions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
WHAT ARE YOUR INTENTIONS?
5-3-4. GUIDANCE TO AIRPORT
After establishing the aircraft's position and if the
pilot requests guidance to the airport:
a. Plot the course to the airport.
b. Provide the course guidance information to the
pilot.
1. Advise the pilot of the direction of the turn
and the heading to the airport.
PHRASEOLOGY-
FOR A HEADING TO THE (name) AIRPORT, TURN
LEFT/RIGHT HEADING (degrees). REPORT
ESTABLISHED HEADING (degrees).
2. After the pilot reports established on the
heading to the airport, advise the pilot of the position
in relation to the airport.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE (miles) (direction) OF THE (name) AIRPORT.
CONTINUE HEADING (degrees).
3. Continue to provide assistance in the form of
pilotage and airport information as necessary.
PHRASEOLOGY-
DO YOU SEE ANY PROMINENT LANDMARKS?
ARE YOU FAMILIAR WITH THE (name) AIRPORT?
(Name) AIRPORT FIELD ELEVATION (feet). IT HAS
(number and surface type) RUNWAYS. THE RUNWAY/S
RUN (direction). THE AIRPORT IS LOCATED
(direction/distance) FROM (landmark visible to the
aircraft).
4. Advise the pilot to report the landing airport
in sight.
PHRASEOLOGY-
REPORT AIRPORT IN SIGHT.
5. Determine when the pilot no longer needs
assistance.
PHRASEOLOGY-
DO YOU REQUIRE FURTHER ASSISTANCE?
6. When the pilot indicates assistance is no
longer required, terminate the service. Provide the
CTAF frequency, if appropriate, and the local
altimeter setting.
PHRASEOLOGY-
(VOR/ADF) ORIENTATION SERVICE TERMINATED.
COMMON TRAFFIC ADVISORY FREQUENCY
(frequency). ALTIMETER (setting).
NOTE-
CTAF is defined as a UNICOM, Multicom, FSS, or airport
traffic control tower (ATCT) frequency.
7. Notify appropriate control facility of the
aircraft's position, termination of services, and the
pilot's intentions.
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