Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control

1. Section 1. Services Available to Pilots
   • 4-1-1. Air Route Traffic Control Centers
   • 4-1-2. Control Towers
   • 4-1-3. Flight Service Stations
   • 4-1-4. Recording and Monitoring
   • 4-1-5. Communications Release of IFR Aircraft Landing at an Airport Without an Operating Control Tower
   • 4-1-6. Pilot Visits to Air Traffic Facilities
   • 4-1-7. Operation Rain Check
   • 4-1-10. IFR Approaches/Ground Vehicle Operations
   • 4-1-11. Designated UNICOM/MULTICOM Frequencies
   • 4-1-12. Use of UNICOM for ATC Purposes
   • 4-1-13. Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
   • 4-1-16. Safety Alert
   • 4-1-17. Radar Assistance to VFR Aircraft
   • 4-1-18. Terminal Radar Services for VFR Aircraft
   • 4-1-19. Tower En Route Control (TEC)
   • 4-1-20. Transponder and ADS-B Out Operation
   • 4-1-21. Airport Reservation Operations and Special Traffic Management Programs
   • 4-1-22. Requests for Waivers and Authorizations from Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR)
   • 4-1-23. Weather Systems Processor
2. Section 2. Radio Communications Phraseology
   • 4-2-1. General
   • 4-2-2. Radio Technique
   • 4-2-3. Contact Procedures
   • 4-2-4. Aircraft Call Signs
   • 4-2-5. Description of Interchange or Leased Aircraft
   • 4-2-6. Ground Station Call Signs
   • 4-2-7. Phonetic Alphabet
   • 4-2-8. Figures
   • 4-2-9. Altitudes and Flight Levels
   • 4-2-10. Directions
   • 4-2-11. Speeds
   • 4-2-12. Time
   • 4-2-13. Communications with Tower when Aircraft Transmitter or Receiver or Both are Inoperative
   • 4-2-14. Communications for VFR Flights
3. Section 3. Airport Operations
   • 4-3-1. General
   • 4-3-2. Airports with an Operating Control Tower
   • 4-3-3. Traffic Patterns
   • 4-3-4. Visual Indicators at Airports Without an Operating Control Tower
   • 4-3-5. Unexpected Maneuvers in the Airport Traffic Pattern
   • 4-3-6. Use of Runways/Declared Distances
   • 4-3-7. Low Level Wind Shear/Microburst Detection Systems
   • 4-3-8. Braking Action Reports and Advisories
   • 4-3-9. Runway Condition Reports
   • 4-3-10. Intersection Takeoffs
   • 4-3-12. Low Approach
   • 4-3-13. Traffic Control Light Signals
   • 4-3-14. Communications
   • 4-3-15. Gate Holding Due to Departure Delays
   • 4-3-16. VFR Flights in Terminal Areas
   • 4-3-17. VFR Helicopter Operations at Controlled Airports
   • 4-3-18. Taxiing
   • 4-3-19. Taxi During Low Visibility
   • 4-3-20. Standard Taxi Routes
   • 4-3-21. Exiting the Runway After Landing
   • 4-3-22. Practice Instrument Approaches
   • 4-3-23. Option Approach
   • 4-3-24. Use of Aircraft Lights
   • 4-3-25. Flight Inspection/`Flight Check' Aircraft in Terminal Areas
   • 4-3-26. Hand Signals
   • 4-3-27. Operations at Uncontrolled Airports With Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS)/Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS)
4. Section 4. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation
   • 4-4-1. Clearance
   • 4-4-2. Clearance Prefix
   • 4-4-3. Clearance Items
   • 4-4-4. Amended Clearances
   • 4-4-5. Coded Departure Route (CDR)
   • 4-4-6. Special VFR Clearances
   • 4-4-7. Pilot Responsibility upon Clearance Issuance
   • 4-4-8. IFR Clearance VFR-on-top
   • 4-4-9. VFR/IFR Flights
   • 4-4-10. Adherence to Clearance
   • 4-4-11. IFR Separation Standards
   • 4-4-12. Speed Adjustments
   • 4-4-13. Runway Separation
   • 4-4-14. Visual Separation
   • 4-4-15. Use of Visual Clearing Procedures and Scanning Techniques
   • 4-4-16. Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS I & II)
   • 4-4-17. Traffic Information Service (TIS)
5. Section 5. Surveillance Systems
   • 4-5-1. Radar
   • 4-5-2. Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS)
   • 4-5-3. Surveillance Radar
   • 4-5-4. Precision Approach Radar (PAR)
   • 4-5-5. Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE-X)/Airport Surface Surveillance Capability (ASSC)
   • 4-5-6. Traffic Information Service (TIS)
   • 4-5-7. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Services
   • 4-5-8. Traffic Information Service- Broadcast (TIS-B)
   • 4-5-9. Flight Information Service- Broadcast (FIS-B)
   • 4-5-10. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Rebroadcast (ADS-R)
6. Section 6. Operational Policy/Procedures for Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) in the Domestic U.S., Alaska, Offshore Airspace and the San Juan FIR
   • 4-6-1. Applicability and RVSM Mandate (Date/Time and Area)
   • 4-6-2. Flight Level Orientation Scheme
   • 4-6-3. Aircraft and Operator Approval Policy/Procedures, RVSM Monitoring and Databases for Aircraft and Operator Approval
   • 4-6-4. Flight Planning into RVSM Airspace
   • 4-6-5. Pilot RVSM Operating Practices and Procedures
   • 4-6-6. Guidance on Severe Turbulence and Mountain Wave Activity (MWA)
   • 4-6-7. Guidance on Wake Turbulence
   • 4-6-8. Pilot/Controller Phraseology
   • 4-6-9. Contingency Actions: Weather Encounters and Aircraft System Failures that Occur After Entry into RVSM Airspace
   • 4-6-10. Procedures for Accommodation of Non-RVSM Aircraft
   • 4-6-11. Non-RVSM Aircraft Requesting Climb to and Descent from Flight Levels Above RVSM Airspace Without Intermediate Level Off
7. Section 7. Operational Policy/Procedures for the Gulf of America 50 NM Lateral Separation Initiative
   • 4-7-1. Introduction and General Policies
   • 4-7-2. Accommodating Non-RNP 10 Aircraft
   • 4-7-3. Obtaining RNP 10 or RNP 4 Operational Authorization
   • 4-7-4. Authority for Operations with a Single Long-Range Navigation System
   • 4-7-5. Flight Plan Requirements
   • 4-7-6. Contingency Procedures