Chapter 7. Safety of Flight

1. Section 1. Meteorology
   • 7-1-1. National Weather Service Aviation Weather Service Program
   • 7-1-2. FAA Weather Services
   • 7-1-3. Use of Aviation Weather Products
   • 7-1-4. Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA)
   • 7-1-6. Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories
   • 7-1-7. Categorical Ceiling and Visibility Conditions
   • 7-1-8. Inflight Weather Advisory Broadcasts
   • 7-1-9. Flight Information Services (FIS)
   • 7-1-10. Weather Observing Programs
   • 7-1-11. Weather Radar Services
   • 7-1-12. ATC Inflight Weather Avoidance Assistance
   • 7-1-13. Runway Visual Range (RVR)
   • 7-1-14. Reporting of Cloud Heights
   • 7-1-15. Reporting Prevailing Visibility
   • 7-1-16. Estimating Intensity of Rain and Ice Pellets
   • 7-1-17. Estimating Intensity of Snow or Drizzle (Based on Visibility)
   • 7-1-18. Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs)
   • 7-1-19. PIREPs Relating to Airframe Icing
   • 7-1-20. Definitions of Inflight Icing Terms
   • 7-1-21. PIREPs Relating to Turbulence
   • 7-1-22. Wind Shear PIREPs
   • 7-1-23. Clear Air Turbulence (CAT) PIREPs
   • 7-1-24. Microbursts
   • 7-1-25. PIREPs Relating to Volcanic Ash Activity
   • 7-1-26. Thunderstorms
   • 7-1-27. Thunderstorm Flying
   • 7-1-29. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Weather Formats
2. Section 2. Barometric Altimeter Errors and Setting Procedures
   • 7-2-1. General
   • 7-2-2. Barometric Pressure Altimeter Errors
   • 7-2-3. Altimeter Errors
3. Section 3. Cold Temperature Barometric Altimeter Errors, Setting Procedures and Cold Temperature Airports (CTA)
   • 7-3-1. Effect of Cold Temperature on Barometric Altimeters
   • 7-3-2. Pre-Flight Planning for Cold Temperature Altimeter Errors
   • 7-3-3. Effects of Cold Temperature on Baro-Vertical Navigation (VNAV) Vertical Guidance
   • 7-3-4. Cold Temperature Airports (CTA)
   • 7-3-5. Cold Temperature Airport Procedures
   • 7-3-6. Examples for Calculating Altitude Corrections on CTAs
4. Section 4. Wake Turbulence
   • 7-4-1. General
   • 7-4-2. Vortex Generation
   • 7-4-3. Vortex Strength
   • 7-4-4. Vortex Behavior
   • 7-4-5. Operations Problem Areas
   • 7-4-6. Vortex Avoidance Procedures
   • 7-4-7. Helicopters
   • 7-4-8. Pilot Responsibility
   • 7-4-9. Air Traffic Wake Turbulence Separations
5. Section 5. Bird Hazards and Flight Over National Refuges, Parks, and Forests
   • 7-5-1. Migratory Bird Activity
   • 7-5-2. Reducing Bird Strike Risks
   • 7-5-3. Reporting Bird Strikes
   • 7-5-4. Reporting Bird and Other Wildlife Activities
   • 7-5-5. Pilot Advisories on Bird and Other Wildlife Hazards
   • 7-5-6. Flights Over Charted U.S. Wildlife Refuges, Parks, and Forest Service Areas
6. Section 6. Potential Flight Hazards
   • 7-6-1. Accident Causal Factors
   • 7-6-2. Reporting Radio/Radar Altimeter Anomalies
   • 7-6-3. VFR in Congested Areas
   • 7-6-4. Obstructions To Flight
   • 7-6-5. Avoid Flight Beneath Unmanned Balloons
   • 7-6-6. Unmanned Aircraft Systems
   • 7-6-7. Mountain Flying
   • 7-6-8. Use of Runway Half-way Signs at Unimproved Airports
   • 7-6-9. Seaplane Safety
   • 7-6-10. Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash
   • 7-6-11. Emergency Airborne Inspection of Other Aircraft
   • 7-6-12. Precipitation Static
   • 7-6-13. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (Laser) Operations and Reporting Illumination of Aircraft
   • 7-6-14. Flying in Flat Light, Brown Out Conditions, and White Out Conditions
   • 7-6-15. Operations in Ground Icing Conditions
   • 7-6-16. Avoid Flight in the Vicinity of Exhaust Plumes (Smoke Stacks and Cooling Towers)
   • 7-6-17. Space Launch and Reentry Area
   • 7-6-18. Automatic Landing Operations
7. Section 7. Safety, Accident, and Hazard Reports
   • 7-7-1. Aviation Safety Reporting Program
   • 7-7-2. Aircraft Accident and Incident Reporting
   • 7-7-3. Near Midair Collision Reporting
   • 7-7-4. Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) Reports
   • 7-7-5. Safety Alerts For Operators (SAFO) and Information For Operators (InFO)