For beyond visual line of (BVLOS), can a waiver be granted to safely test the system and capture the necessary data for full approval? If not, how can vendors or agencies collect the data to prove the BVLOS system works?

Testing of appliances outside of restricted airspace is a challenge. I suggest you look up some current waivers and speak to those who obtained the BVLOS waivers.  Many of the successful waiver applicants use a chase aircraft or multiple visual observers.

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