Human Factors – Aircraft Certification Service (AIR)

The following is a list of aircraft certification regulations that typically require applicants carefully consider human factors issues when showing compliance. This is not a comprehensive list of human factors topics applicants must address during aircraft certification; rather, the list identifies examples of common human factors topics in aircraft certification. Note the list shows "legacy" Part 23 regulations. For new Part 23 (Amendment no 23-64, August 30, 2017) regulations, see the Regulatory Basis Reports section of the Dynamic Regulatory System.

Sections under 14 CFR Parts
 23  25  27  29 Subpart and Section Content/Topic
23.143 25.143 27.143 29.143 Controllability and Maneuverability: General
23.671 25.671 27.671 29.671 Control Systems: General
23.771 25.771 27.771 29.771 Pilot Compartment
23.773 25.773 27.773 29.773 Pilot Compartment View
23.777 25.777 27.777 29.777 Cockpit Controls
23.785 25.785 27.785 29.785 Seats, Berths, Litters, Safety Belts, and Harnesses
23.1141 25.1141 27.1141 29.1141 Powerplant Controls: General
23.1301 25.1301 27.1301 29.1301 Equipment: Function and Installation
  25.1302     Installed Systems and Equipment for Use by the Flightcrew
23.1309 25.1309 27.1309 29.1309 Equipment, Systems, and Installations
23.1311       Electronic Display Instrument Systems
23.1321 25.1321 27.1321 29.1321 Instruments: Installation: Arrangement and Visibility
23.1322 25.1322 27.1322 29.1322 Warning, Caution, and Advisory Lights
(Note: 25.1322 is entitled Flightcrew Alerting)
23.1357 25.1357 27.1357 29.1357 Electrical Systems and Equipment: Circuit Protective Devices
23.1381 25.1381 27.1381 29.1381 Lights: Instrument Lights
23.1523 25.1523 27.1523 29.1523 Operating Limitations: Minimum Flight Crew
23.1543 25.1543 27.1543 29.1543 Instrument Markings: General
23.1555 25.1555 27.1555 29.1555 Control Markings

Exceptional Pilot Capabilities

The following regulations prohibit aircraft characteristics that would require exceptional pilot skill, alertness, strength or other capabilities.  When showing compliance with these regulations, applicants must carefully consider related human factors issues.

Sections under 14 CFR Parts
 23  25  27  29 Subpart and Section Content/Topic
    27.33 29.33 Main rotor speed and pitch limits
      29.45 Performance:  General
23.55 25.109     Accelerate-stop distance
  25.105 27.51 29.51 Takeoff
  25.125 27.75 29.75 Landing
23.141   27.141 29.141 Flight characteristics:  General
  25.143 27.143 29.143 Controllability and maneuverability:  General
  25.145     Longitudinal control
  25.149     Minimum control speed
  25.173     Static longitudinal stability
  25.181     Dynamic stability
  25.233     Directional stability and control
  25.253     High-speed characteristics
  25.671     Control systems:  General
23.672 25.672 27.672 29.672 Stability augmentation and automatic and power-operated systems
23.807   27.807   Emergency exits
  25.809   29.809 Emergency exit arrangement
23.745       Nose/tail wheel steering
  25.941     Inlet, engine, and exhaust compatibility
  25.1329     Flight guidance system

Human Factors - Aircraft Certification Service (AIR) Policies and Guidance

Last updated: Tuesday, September 3, 2024