The following FAA OAM Reports, FAA Advisory Circulars, and scientific publications are available as PDF (requires Adobe Acrobat) files. To view and print PDF files, you must first download the Acrobat Reader, which is free and available from Adobe Systems, Inc.

• Ionizing Radiation and Radiation Safety in Aerospace Environments (PDF)
• MIRA 2017: A CARI-7 Based Solar Radiation Alert System (PDF)
• ESRAS: An Enhanced Solar Radiation Alert System (PDF)
• CARI-NAIRAS: Calculating Flight Doses from NAIRAS Data using CARI (PDF)
• Crewmember Training on In-Flight Radiation Exposure (PDF)
• Galactic Cosmic Radiation Exposure of Pregnant Aircrew Members II (PDF)
• Ionizing Radiation in Earth's Atmosphere and in Space Near Earth (PDF)
• Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation for Crews of Suborbital Spacecraft: Questions and Answers (PDF)
• Radiation Exposure of Air-Carrier Crewmembers II (PDF)
• Recent and Planned Developments in the CARI Program (PDF)
• Solar Radiation Alert System (revised 5/30/08) (PDF)
• What Aircrews Should Know About Their Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation (PDF)
• X-Ray Backscatter Security Scanners at U.S. Airports (PDF)

Recent publications for which reprints are available include:

Tobiska, W.K., W. Atwell, P. Beck, E. Benton, K. Copeland, et al. Advances in atmospheric radiation measurements and modeling needed to improve international air safety, Space Weather (May 2015) 13(4):202-210 + Supplements S1-S3 doi:10.1002/2015SW001169

Copeland, K. Influence of the superposition approximation on calculated effective dose rates from galactic cosmic rays at aerospace related altitudes, Space Weather (E-pub, July 2015) doi:10.1002/2015SW001210

Copeland K. CARI-7A: Development and Validation, Radiation Protection Dosimetry 175(4):419- 431 (E-pub. ahead of print, Jan. 2017), doi: 10.1093/rpd/ncw369

Copeland, K. and W. Atwell, Influence of Aircraft Self-Shielding on World-Wide Calculations of Effective Dose Rates to Occupants, 48th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 8-12 July 2018, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Paper ICES-2018-280 (E-pub July 2018)

Copeland, K., D. Matthiä, and M. Meier, Solar cosmic ray dose rate assessments during GLE 72 using MIRA and PANDOCA, Space Weather (E-pub, August 2018), doi: 10.1002/2018SW001917

Matthias M.M., K. Copeland, D. Matthiä, C.J. Mertens, and K. Schennetten, First steps towards the verification of models for the assessment of the radiation exposure at aviation altitudes, Space Weather, (Sept. 2018, E-pub Aug. 7, 2018) 16(9):1269-1276, doi: 10.1002/2018SW001984

Copeland, K. and W. Atwell, Flight safety implications of the extreme solar proton event of 23 February 1956, Advances in Space Research, (Jan. 2019, E-pub Dec. 2018) 63:665-671, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2018.11.005

Atwell, W, K. Copeland, and F. F. Badavi, Geomagnetically-trapped and galactic cosmic radiation environments and absorbed dose calculations for a hypothetical sounding rocket trajectory, 49th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 8-12 July 2019, Boston, Massachusetts. Paper ICES-2019-18 (E-pub July 2019)

Matthias M. Meier, Kyle Copeland, Klara Klöble, Daniel Matthiä, Mona C. Plettenberg, Kai Schennetten, Michael Wirtz, and Christine E. Hellweg, Radiation in the Atmosphere - A Hazard to Aviation Safety?, Atmosphere, (2020) 11:1358(32pages), doi:10.3390/atmos11121358

Bain, Hazel M., Terrance G. Onsager, Christopher J. Mertens, Kyle Copeland, Eric R. Benton, John Clem, Pierre-Simon Mangeard, Janet C. Green, Timothy B. Guild, W. Kent Tobiska, Karen Shelton-Mur, Yihua Zheng, Alexa J. Halford, Samantha Carlson and Antti Pulkkinen. Improved Space Weather Observations and Modeling for Aviation Radiation, Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 10 - 2023 (7 March 2023), www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2023.1149014/full.

Bain, H. M., K. Copeland, T. G. Onsager, and R. A. Steenburgh. NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center Radiation Advisories for the International Civil Aviation Organization, Space Weather, 21(7):e2022SW003346 (19 pages) (E-pub July 2023), https://doi.org/10.1029/2022SW003346.

Bain, Hazel, Kyle Copeland, Yihua Zheng, Christopher Mertens, Eric Benton, Alexa Halford, Samantha Carlson, John Clem, Janet Green, Pierre-Simon Mangeard, Antti Pulkkinen, W. Kent Tobiska, and Timothy Guild (2023). Improved Observations and Modeling for Aviation Radiation, Bulletin of the AAS, 55(3), doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.7c3ab606

Selected older publications

Copeland, K., H. H. Sauer, F. E. Duke, W. Friedberg. Cosmic radiation exposure of aircraft occupants on simulated high-latitude flights during solar proton events from 1 January 1986 through 1 January 2008, Advances in Space Research Vol. 42(6):1008-1029 (2008).

Friedberg, W., K. Copeland, F. E. Duke, E. B. Darden, Jr. Annual effective dose received by U.S. airline pilots compare with that of non-flying U.S. residents, Advances in Space Research Vol. 36(9):1653-1656 (2005).

W. Friedberg, K. Copeland, F. E. Duke, K. O'Brien III and E. B. Darden, Jr. Radiation Exposure During Air Travel: Guidance Provided by the Federal Aviation Administration for Air Carrier Crews, Health Physics 79(5):591-595 (2000)

Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Reviews 17(2):293-309 (2002) W. Friedberg, K. Copeland, F. E. Duke, J. S. Nicholas, E. B. Darden, Jr. and K. O'Brien III Radiation Exposure of Aircrews

Copeland, K., W. Friedberg, T. Sato, and K. Niita. Comparison of fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients for deuterons, tritons, and helions, Radiation Protection Dosimetry (Feb 2012), 148(3): 344-351, doi:10.1093/rpd/ncr035 (electronically available 8 April 2011).

Tobiska, W.K., W. Atwell, P. Beck, E. Benton, K. Copeland, et al. Advances in atmospheric radiation measurements and modeling needed to improve international air safety, Space Weather (May 2015) 13(4):202-210 + Supplements S1-S3 doi:10.1002/2015SW001169

Copeland, K. Influence of the superposition approximation on calculated effective dose rates from galactic cosmic rays at aerospace related altitudes, Space Weather (E pub July 2015) doi:10.1002/2015SW001210